Of note, there is no fixed common definition on smart grids in this current stage of development, as each country may have its own definition. A scheme of Sumba Smart Microgrid in Figure 1 gives a visual explanation on the smart grids. Moreover, smart grids have other advantages such as faster protection, controlled self-heals, more robust, more renewable, more efficient, higher power quality, more reconfigurable and higher capacity factor. In comparison to microgrids, smart grids have digital information and control, dynamic optimisation of grid operation and resources, distributed resources (similar with microgrids or specifically smart microgrids), demand responses, demand-side resources, energy efficiency (EE) resources, smart metering system, smart integration (real-time response and timely information on consumption) and advanced electricity storage. It is the newest type of grids, involving smart technology. The Internet era has also brought the new development in the power sector as now we are starting to develop smart grids. Nanogrids are single domains of power single physical layers of power distribution, reliability, quality, capacity, price, and administration. The microgrid system is a small power supply system that consists of loads and distributed energy resources (DER), such as renewable energy (RE) sources, co-generation, combined heat and power (CHP) generation, fuel cell and energy storage systems. Mini-grids are the utility grid that is small in capacity and geography or could be a group of some microgrids. Smaller grids comprise of mini-grids, microgrids and nanogrids. However, with the rapid development of technology, there is a significant contribution from smaller grids all over the world in recent years, especially to fulfil the demands in remote areas. ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC)įor decades, most countries rely on large grids to fulfil electricity needs.Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline – The TAGP aims to interconnect existing and planned gas pipeline infrastructure within ASEAN, to transport gas across borders to ensure greater security of gas supply.Renewable Energy – Development and implementation of initiatives such as bio-fuels, solar PV programmes, as well as promoting open trade, facilitation and cooperation in the renewable energy sector.ASEAN Power Grid – ASEAN recognises the critical role of an efficient, reliable and resilient electricity infrastructure in stimulating regional economic growth and development.

Regional Energy Policy and Planning – Energy policy and planning in ASEAN has been developed individually by the AMS given that they are at different stages of development.

Civilian Nuclear Energy – Nuclear Civilian nuclear energy, as a clean source of energy can help ASEAN meet its growing energy demand in the region.

Energy Efficiency and Conservation – Energy efficiency viewed as the most cost-effective way of enhancing energy security and in addressing climate change and promoting competitiveness.

Coal and Clean Coal Technology – Coal is a major fuel source for power generation in the region and its total coal production and utilisation has risen.

Micro grids